The chance to get a mutie through fertility is very low in the first place. The lower the fertility, the higher the chance but even 1% has a very small chance to actually give a mutie. There are no numbers known and I don't know of any user tested percentages either.

The chance for passable mutations is not known either (except for hybrids) but players estimate the chance at about 5% usually. So having two parents that can pass their mutation would roughly give a 10% chance for a cub to have either mutation.
Piebald and patches can pass from both males and females. Primal can only pass from males. Primal ferus is an exception since female ferus can pass ferus too.

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Just to add on to the above a bit, from my understanding, fertility only effects the chance of getting a completely random mutation and does not effect the pass rate of mutations such as piebald, patches, hybrids, and primals.
So a "Goddess" lioness would have the exact same percent chance to roll an inheritable mutation in her cubs as a 1% lioness.

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